Civil Construction Stages

It is always desirable to divide large projects into several civil construction stages which may be constructed independently or on conjunction with each other. For proper progress of civil construction, each stage may be constructed under separate contract. It should be carried out in proper sequence. For this the quantities of work and the duration of civil construction for each stage must be analyzed in advanced. The individual stages should be given time estimates for their execution. The stages for following two typical projects can be listed as below,

Civil construction stages for a highway project:

1. Setting up the plant at the project site,
2. Clearing the site,
3. Earthwork for laying embankment,
4. Civil construction of drainage structure, e.g., bridges and culverts,
5. Construction of pavement structure and
6. installation of light poles, road signs and signals.

Construction stages of a new water supply scheme

1. Clearing the site,
2. Construction of a suitable dam type,
3. Construction of spillway and controls,
4. Installation of pumping house,
5. Installation of transmission lines and construction of tunnels,
6. Construction of water treatment plant.

Construction operation

To facilitate the job planning, the construction stages are further divided into several operations. A operation may be defined as a portion of project which may be performed by a classification of labours or a single type of equipment. The various operations needed for the construction of an R.C.C. retaining wall can be listed as below,

1. Excavation by machine,
2. Excavation by manual labour,
3. Erection of form work,
4. Placing of reinforcement,
5. Pouring of concrete and
6. Back filling the earth.

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International Terminal Construction Update at Atlanta Airport - June 2010

Work continues at an amazing pace on the Maynard H. Jackson Jr. International Terminal at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. This video features a look at recent construction progress. The project remains on track to be complete in spring 2012.

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Sandvik Mining and Construction

Sandvik Mining and Construction serves a broad range of customers in construction, exploration, mining and bulk materials handling. Our construction expertise covers quarrying, tunneling, demolition and recycling, and other civil engineering applications. Our mining products and services support customers on the surface and under ground, in all mineral, coal and metal mining applications from exploration to ore transportation.

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Construction Project Planning and Scheduling

Construction project planning and scheduling are key elements of successful project management. Time spent in planning prior to a project start, or early in the project, will most always pay dividends for all participants on the project. There are several methods available to utilize for such planning, including the bar chart and the critical path methods. Use of any of the methods presented will make project planning an easier and more logical process. They also provide the basis for other management applications on the project.

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Construction Planning and Scheduling

One of the most important responsibilities of construction project management is the planning and scheduling of construction projects. The key to successful profit making in any construction company is to have successful projects. Therefore, for many years, efforts have been made to plan, direct, and control the numerous project activities to obtain optimum project performance. Because every construction project is a unique undertaking, project managers must plan and schedule their work utilizing their experience with similar projects and applying their judgment to the particular conditions of the current project.

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Connecticut Civil Engineering Begins Any Construction Project

Have you ever thought about what goes into adding a new building or putting up a new bridge? Most don't, although the physical level, in which the project is constructed literally from the ground up, is what many see. Nevertheless, if you consider any project or improvement around your Connecticut town, civil engineering is most likely behind it, even before the first hole is dug or the foundation is put down.
Civil engineering, in Connecticut or anywhere else, involves the design, construction, and maintenance of the naturally-created environment and encompasses general construction projects like bridges, roads, canals, dams, and buildings. Civil engineers, however, often have a specialty, with typical areas being environmental, geotechnical, structural, transportation, municipal, water resources, construction, and surveying. Surveying, out of these, is almost always an introductory step to any Connecticut civil engineering project.
In general, civil engineers all over work with surveyors to fit these projects to a given area. As far as the land is concerned, the civil engineers and surveyors will work together to design grading, drainage, pavement, electric, communication, and water supply systems in towns. Construction plans and modifying a tract of land are also two common instances in which surveyors and civil engineers will need each other's assistance.
Although the construction of models is a general perception for the formation of such projects, surveying the area creates these dimensions so that the models can be formed. A Connecticut civil engineering project, for example, will involve engineers and surveyors measuring the points on the surface of the Earth and the angles – horizontal, vertical, and sloped – between them. In the present, various computerized instruments are used for capturing these points. As a result, engineers and surveyors can start a Connecticut civil engineering project by mapping out these points in a few instances and creating a computerized model for drawings and diagrams.

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Translation Services for the Construction and Architecture Industry

Nowadays the need for translation services plays an important role in construction and architecture industry.
All participants in the construction business such as construction developers, architects, engineers, investors and general contractors need professional and accurate translation services.

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Responsibilities of Nigerian Professionals in the Building Construction Industry

(1)The soil scientist:

The soil scientist work is to determine how suitable is the land for the purpose of which is going to be used for.They check the strength,ph content and gives report on the effects of building on such lands.They are important indeed to avoid settlement of land due to weight of building in the future. They use different ways to investigate soil conditions.For simple residential buildings on reasonable sites digging several holes about three spits deep, drilling holes up to 2 or 21/2m deep with a hand auger or driving a pointed steel bar about 1 1/2m into the ground are generally sufficient. With larger buildings or more difficult sites,the following methods are applicable.

(i)Excavating trial holes about 1 1/2m deep deep outside the perimeter of the building.

(ii)Drilling boreholes by percussion or rotary methods.The percussion method uses a steel bit with a chisel point screwed to a steel rod.The rotary method employs a hollow rod with a rotating bit and a core of strata is forced back up the hollow rod.

(iii)Load testing often using a reinforced concrete slab about 1.20 to 1.50m2 and 300mm thick,to which loads are added at about 2 hour intervals and the amount of settlement is determined with a level .The safe bearing capacity of the soil is found by dividing half the load applied prior to appreciable settlement into the area of slab.

(2)lawyers:

Lawyers are needed right from when you want to purchase your land,they help in all legal dealings. From contracts to agreements between you and the "omo onile" landowners; you need them .It is the job of a lawyer to find out the true owner of the land because the person selling to you may actually not be the right person to do so, they will do a thorough scrutiny on the agreement papers and give their legal advice on your investment.The money you pay for this service may be worthwhile considering the possibility of loosing your money if you refuse to contact them.

(3)Land Surveyors:

These people map out the the area or plot of your land.They see to it that your land is properly demarcated from your neighbour with their instruments and skill they will give you the accurate length of your plot .There drawing is what you take to the architect for design of your building. You also needs survey plan for validation of your land when you want to register it.

(4)Architects:

They liase with you i.e the clients on one on one to achieve the type of building you want .Architects give professional supports to the clients not only on the design of the building ,the execution ,but general support even the viability of the building .The work of an architect is extensive because they are generally closer to you clients than every other building professionals. He is in the best position to know what meets your dreams and how to help achieve it. He conceives or dream and put pen to paper and sketch out what you have in mind,gives you to criticise to suit what you want properly, and make the necessary adjustments .He is the bridge between you and the other professionals and artesans on site ,by his position he is the head of the building team.

(5)Quantity Surveyor:

This professional estimates and see to it that you won't embark on a project that is beyond your financial means .They cost and determine the amount of money you will require to build your house so that you don't end up abandoning your project midway. This people are very important unfortunately Nigerian of today do not see the need for them and that is why we have abandoned projects dotting our landscape. It is nice to have a beautiful and befitting house .It also helps to promote the architects that designed it for you when your house is very beautiful, though for small projects your architect can give you an idea of what your building will cost ,but you may not really get the perfect and non-sentimental estimate as to what a quantity surveyor will give you. The quantity surveyor has nothing to lose if the house is very ugly his job is to make sure you have a financial understanding of what you are about to embark on. On big projects ,they maintain and award money to artesans and labour based on the input each worker is putting.

(6)Civil or Structural Engineers:

The civil or structural engineer in building industry is to see to it that, the stability or structural disposition of your building is not compromised. I mean they give calculations and recommends based on the Architect's drawing, what kind of reinforcement or iron or any other structural elements that can make your house stable and will not collapse. And they come out with the drawings on this to help the builder on site to carry out is work effectively.

(7)Mechanical Engineer

These people see to the mechanical aspects of the building especially large projects they give out detailed drawings and specified on plumbing work in the building, the plumbers work with them and help carry out instructions for the good of the project.

(8)Electrical Engineer

As the word implies they see to it that there house is properly lightened. Dangerous electrical connections has led to the death of several people. I will advise you have the electrical engineer in your plans when embarking on a building project. They give instructions to the electrician on large project sites.

(9)The Builders

These are one of the most important professionals in the building industry, unfortunately, the Nigeria of today is a case of dog eats dog. A situation where you claim you can do the work of somebody else and no law to discourage you against such impersonation that is what we are seeing in the building industry at presence. "Collapse of buildings" The builder is trained to carry out or execute on site or transform or bring into reality on site the drawings and intentions of every other building professionals, may it be the Architects, the Civil Engineer, the Mechanical Engineer and the Electrical Engineer. His duty is to see to every artesans or workers on site carries out is job effectively. Unfortunately every jobless person with some money in Nigeria are now claiming to be building contractors and people out of ignorance do not even know the difference.

Even other professionals too are jostling for each others job. A situation where a town planner or a surveyor lays claim to the fact that he can design a house plan for you or when a quantity surveyor is doing the work of a builder will not give you the best you deserve. A building contractor yes, is important in a construction industry but their work is not to bypass any professional rather they are to work with the professionals or consult with them to carry out the project effectively except if the contractor is a professional himself. They are probably the one to finance the building project at times, but to get a very good job you must insist on knowing the professional they will be working with.

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UK Construction - What Does the Future Hold?

Finally, there is some cheer for the beleaguered construction sector. Although the recession has left no industry untouched, the building industry was particularly hard hit. In the last quarter of 2008, output nosedived by 4.9% despite a prediction that it would drop only 1.1%, shedding thousands of construction jobs along the way.

The good news is that the economic outlook for the sector is at last showing signs of recovery, with an overall rise in the third quarter of this year.

Although the main driver of growth appears to be repair and maintenance activity, statistics show that government programmes initiated from April onwards are at last beginning to translate into results.

Still vulnerable

Economists caution, however, that the initiation of new projects remain subdued in the private sector. Despite the recent upturn, construction activity remains 9% down on figures from the same period in 2008. There is also the concern that the recent spike in repair and maintenance work may be temporary at best and could slow down due to increased budgetary pressure over the next 12 months. This will have a negative knock-on affect on the economy as a whole, so it is vital that the construction sector is supported until such a time is reached that the building industry - and the wider economy - recovers.

Government funds are drying up

Gordon Brown announced this week that the government is embarking on a massive cost-cutting exercise in a bid to halve the budget deficit. The project will attempt to save £12 billion over four years and this means that many low-priority programmes will be mothballed. Some experts argue that certain construction developments, such as housing, are too important to be shelved. With private sector funding still scarce, it is clear that creative financing strategies need to be found if more jobs in the UK are to be created.

Where there's a will, there's a way
One new major initiative, a £600m biomedical research centre, has received the green light after months of doubt. The sources of funding for this building are a mixture of government and charity backing; construction is now due to start in early 2011. The centre will be built in central London, despite some stakeholders arguing that it should be built outside of the capital to save on costs.

"London has been a global centre for leading medical research for four centuries," said Sir Paul Nurse, the centre's chairman of scientific planning.

He describes the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation as "the most exciting project for UK biomedical research in the next 50 years".

Funding was drawn from four clients, the Cancer Research UK, the Medical Research Council, University College London and the Wellcome Trust. This is expected to create hundreds of new construction and engineering jobs.

New routes to finance required

Despite the success of this scheme, many other construction projects are likely to be held back, unless an alternative source of funding can be found. Private sector funding has regressed significantly while the government is just not able to provide. Many are wondering if there is an alternative.

Tom Foulkes, director general at the Institution of Civil Engineers, suggests that the chancellor should consider sustainable funding alternatives, such as a National Infrastructure Investment Bank.

"A National Infrastructure Investment Bank can offer a way of ensuring that adequate long-term funding is available - on a continuous basis and at an acceptable cost."

Authorities need to support construction's return to health

Foulkes argues that this is not about the government spending more money. It is about how the government can act as a facilitator and a supporter of the construction sector in such a way that it supports growth in a sustainable matter.

The powers that be need to begin a dialogue around such alternative options, if not for the good of the building industry, then for the good of the economy as a whole.

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Civil Construction and Engineering

Civil engineering is a concept that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment. The act of civil construction and engineering includes bridges, roads, canals, airports, dams and buildings. These are merely just a few examples of what civil construction and engineering is about.

Civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines after military engineering. It has been an aspect of life since the beginning of human existence. Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture.

One of the main aspects of civil construction and engineering is structural engineering. With structural engineering a structure needs to be able to successfully support itself as well as being able to resist loads. It is the job of a structural engineer to ensure that the design and construction of aspects such as bridges, roads and airports etc are safe and successful for their function. Some of the design considerations that need to be kept in mind are the strength, stiffness and stability of the civil construction. All of these need to commit to safety checks so that the structure can hold itself. Other considerations that need to be kept in mind when it comes to the civil construction and engineering includes the cost, constructability, safety, aesthetics and sustainability of the proposed structure.

In the society that we live in today it is safe to say that society wouldn't work without civil construction and engineering. This is because the infrastructures that we use in our daily lives, the infrastructures that support our daily lives wouldn't be in existence if it wasn't for civil construction and engineering. We use aspects such as roads and harbours, railways and airports, hospitals, sports stadiums and schools, access to drinking water and shelter from the weather in our daily lives without a second thought to the construction and engineering that is behind them. We rely more than ever on building contractor teams and inventive people who design and build as well as maintain the sophisticated environment that surrounds our everyday life.

The job of a civil construction team/engineer is more than merely the building side of these infrastructures. They have many activities that they must do every day, including drafting, decision making, computer interaction, communication, documentation, creative thinking, organising, information collecting, estimating and analysing. It is the job of a construction engineer to draft and design structures and show others how to build them. A construction engineer has to analyse information and make the right decision to solve the problems.

If you are a business owner or the owner of property who wishes to expend and build civil structures such as a road to provide easier access or an extension is needed at an airport, it is essential that you enlist the help of a building contractor team who are highly skilled and experienced in undertaking all aspects of civil building and construction. The building contractor team should have structural engineers who are able to undertake the planning and safety aspects of the design to ensure that the finished product is up to standards.

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Construction Civil Engineer Responsibilities

Construction civil engineers have a great deal of responsibilities in their field. They are directly responsible for the management and planning when it comes to constructing reservoirs, dams, buildings, railroads, airports, bridges, and highways. Not only do they aid in designing but they also take part in estimating costs, scheduling, planning, obtaining materials, selecting equipment used, and controlling costs.

In the field of construction civil engineer, design of the process of construction, analysis, science, and mathematics are all necessary. What is more, is that construction civil engineers are directly responsible for many of the buildings and structures you use on an everyday basis. The bridges you drive over, the tunnels you drive through, the dams you see, the homes you live in, the businesses you use, and the airports you fly out of.

There are many tasks involved in construction civil engineering, some of which are done in the office, consultant work, and others are done on the field, as a contractor. Both involve a vast amount of responsibilities and consistent communication is necessary to accomplish the goal set forth.

The consultant construction civil engineer is responsible creating documents, solving problems, organizing the project, collecting information, estimating costs and time, and drafting design. While this is an important role the field construction civil engineers is just as important. It is his responsibility to ensure that the project goes as planned and drafts are followed to specifications.

It is necessary that both the consultant and field engineer maintain constant communication throughout the project. Because both have a high level of responsibility the weight of the entire project, safety, and codes lay upon their shoulders. There are a variety of tasks involved in the field of construction civil engineer. For example, analysis of photography, information, blueprints, drawings, and maps are necessary for any project.

Software and computer knowledge is generally a requirement as well. Software programs are usually used to design structures and systems, as well as keeping with the necessary codes of construction in the country and at a local level.

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